This axis is part of the "One Health" concept. It now appears that infectious agents can be controlled in natural animal or plant environments by microbiota, in addition to host immune responses. The teams involved in this axis are studying:

1. The factors essential to the balance of microbiota
2. The impact of microbiota on the environment and on human and animal health
3. The effects of antimicrobial peptides on the composition and evolution of microbiota.